Cool Hand Luke - 776 Words

Violation â€Å"VIOLATION† is the first thing seen when watching the screen, setting the theme right off the bat for the movie â€Å"Cool Hand Luke†. Lukas Jackson, a man introduced to us by cutting the heads off parking meters, is sent to a chain gang for two years as punishment. After watching the film, and reading the reviews, it is obvious that there are several pertinent ideas that characterize the film’s central theme-Luke’s question of his faith, his keen smile that tells all, how he is neither a hero or an anti hero, and how ironically he is a Christ like figure himself. From the very first minute in the movie, Luke has already introduced us to his famous smile. â€Å"The man grins foolishly and lifts a bottle in salute† (Champlin 3). This†¦show more content†¦Lukas Jackson neither tried nor wanted to be any kind of hero or anti-hero. He might have los a lot of battles, but one thing no one could ever take away from him-he will inevitably live on forever. Works Cited Champlin, Charles. â€Å"Cool Hand Luke, â€Å"Simple Tale With Truths to Tell.† Los Angeles Times 30. October 1967:1-2 Print Creekmore, Hubert. â€Å"Everyman In Chains.† New York Times 18 September 1965: 1-2 Print Pevere, Geoff. â€Å"Rebel hero captured restless spirit of an era† The star.com 18 March 2007: 1-2Show MoreRelatedThe Movie Cool Hand Luke 1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe Movie â€Å"Cool Hand Luke† is about a middle-aged man who gets put into prison after getting caught cutting off the heads of parking meters. You view his experience in the prison and how he refuses to conform to the standards held by the jail and the rest of the current prisoners. Unfortunately at the end, Luke ends up getting shot and killed. After viewing the movie â€Å"Cool Hand Luke† there were three main psychological themes that were very prevalent on the basis of the film. The three PsychologicalRead MoreThe Movie Cool Hand Luke988 Words   |  4 Pages The movie Cool Hand Luke, has ethical and moral dilemmas that encourage the audience to delve deeper into the roles that ethics and morals play in society today. There are ethical and moral dilemmas that the characters face and for that historical and social time period there were viable solutions. There are moral values that guide the characters and historical experiences that shaped them. After a brief summary I will show two moral dilemmas, their outcome and alternatives. Also relating theRead MoreEssay on Nonconformity in Cool Hand Luke1200 Words   |  5 Pagesnorms. In the 1967 film Cool Hand Luke featuring Paul Newman, Lucas (Luke) has been sent to jail for beheading parking meters while intoxicated. During his time in jail, he disobeys both the de facto inmate leader and the wardens simply because he did not like to conform to their rules. Lukes, unlike the aforementioned disobedience leaders, lack of just cause for disobeying authority ultimately leads to his unhappiness and demise. The movie introduces a WWII veteran, Luke, who gets sent to jailRead MoreTheological Symbolism in Cool Hand Luke Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pages1967 prison film Cool Hand Luke, directed by Stuart Rosenberg, there are many examples of theological symbolism and religious themes. Most of the symbolism alludes to Jesus Christ, which is often utilized in film to add depth to the protagonist in the story. Such Christ figure symbolism can also be seen in films such as the 1999 hit The Matrix and the original Star Wars film (1977). Along with these visual suggestions, there are also thematic elements that underlie Cool Hand Luke which involve BiblicalRead MoreEssay on Cool Hand Luke Movie Critique: Courage And Self-Respect759 Words   |  4 PagesCool Hand Luke directed by the reputable Stuart Rosenberg and nominated for four Oscars is a tragic tale of an ordinary individual rising up the courage to oppose the establishment, thus becoming a hero. Cool Hand Luke weaves a rich tapestry of t he prison life on both sides of the establishment and the injustices of the system. In short Cool Hand Luke is a movie that focuses on the struggles of a single courageous man and his quest for freedom. After being incarcerated for a petty crime and sentRead MoreCool Hand Luke2696 Words   |  11 Pagesb Employer identification number (EIN) c EmployerÂ’s name, address, and ZIP code 71-0794409 12a See instructions for box 12 C o d e 1 Wages, tips, other compensation 2 Federal income tax withheld WAL-MART ASSOCIATES, INC. 12b C o d e $ $ $ $ $ 13874.83 3 Social security wages 1330.56 4 Social security tax withheld 13874.83 5 Medicare wages and tips 6 Medicare tax withheld 582.74 201.19 8 Allocated tips 10 Dependent care benefits 12c 702 SW 8TH STREET BENTONVILLERead MoreCool Hand Luke By Stuart Rosenberg1625 Words   |  7 Pagesimages of God such as in the film Cool Hand Luke Directed by: Stuart Rosenberg, a central component to making the film what it is, is the subtle use of religious imagery. The way Luke Jackson is presented as a character, embodies this very likeness to Jesus through his actions, speech and posture. The way Luke starts a bond with the other prisoners is through a boxing match and a poker game. During the boxing match, Luke gets beaten up by his soon to be right hand Dragline. While playing poker, heRead MoreCool Hand Luke: Failure to Communicate2806 Words   |  12 PagesReleased in 1967, â€Å"Cool Hand Luke† continues to be one of the most popular movies in American history. (Belton, 2008) The movie starred famed actor Paul Newman and was based on the trials and tribulations occurring inside a Florida prison camp. One of the main reasons why Cool Hand Luke continues to be rele vant today is due to its incisive observations regarding the criminal justice system. While the movie was released over forty years ago, the relevance of Cool Hand Luke continues today. ThisRead MoreCool Hand Luke Movie Critique: Courage and Self-Respect768 Words   |  4 PagesCool Hand Luke directed by the reputable Stuart Rosenberg and nominated for four Oscars is a tragic tale of an ordinary individual rising up the courage to oppose the establishment, thus becoming a hero. Cool Hand Luke weaves a rich tapestry of the prison life on both sides of the establishment and the injustices of the system. In short Cool Hand Luke is a movie that focuses on the struggles of a single courageous man and his quest for freedom. After being incarcerated for a petty crime and sentRead MoreEssay about Garden State, Cool Hand Luke, and The Last Samurai959 Words   |  4 Pageshave the creator’s blood, sweat, and tears in the soul of the movie, not just thrown together at the end jus t to make the quick buck are the ones worth seeing. Movies that are made up from filmmakers not money hungry producers, like Garden State, Cool Hand Luke, and The Last Samurai are the ones you remember. These movies to me were movies made with a particular purpose and not just to make as much money as possible, even though they did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Garden State is a movie that is about a troubled twenty-something-year-old

The Failure Of The Trump Wall. . . . . By. Christian...

The Failure of The Trump Wall By Christian Cisneros English II-2A The Science Academy of South Texas May 12, 2017 Morales2 Why the Trump wall is bad Thesis Statement: The wall that Trump wants to create will be detrimental to the environment, cost a lot of money resources, and may not be effective against the immigration problem. I. Introduction A. Intention to build wall B. Current fence 1. Needs to be updated 2. Can put up more fencing C. Thesis Statement II. Cost of the Wall and Resources A. Mexico won’t pay B. Rules/Regulations 1. Gains a. Social b. Psychological c. Health†¦show more content†¦Students must be taught that they are likely to suffer harmful effects if they have sex before marriage. They also must be taught that the expected standard is for school-age children not to engage in sexual activity and for adults to engage in sexual relations only within marriage (Impacts†¦). Schools receiving the funds must teach students that they should just say no to sex until they are married. The schools are not allowed to teach students about safe sex and may not mention Morales4 contraception except to point out the failure rates of various methods (Brody). Some states have refused the federal funds so that their schools can determine their own ways to teach sex education, but 43 states participate in the program. With millions of dollars from the government every year, many schools now promote abstinence. They offer abstinence-only programs with encouraging titles such as ReCapturing the Vision, Teens in Control, and My Choice, My Future! (Impacts†¦). They encourage students to sign virginity pledges vowing not to have sex until marriage, to proudly wear their purity rings, and to carry their ATM (Many who Pledge†¦) cards (Kelly 44). These programs encourage students to develop a strong sense of self and to avoid the negative consequences that might result from

Phases Of The Phallus - 1814 Words

Phases of the Phallus Throughout time, mankind’s fascination with symbols, things that represent something else to more than one person (McIntyre, 102), of sex genetalia has been prevalent; however, the dominant sex of genetalia has changed with different historical periods. It is the collective conscience, or the totality of beliefs and sentiments common to the average members of the same society (McIntyre, 13) that defines the values of the culture and therefore the meanings that are associated with the symbols of genetalia. This exchange of worshiped genetalia has been influenced by the shifts of power between various institutions, or accepted structures or mechanisms of social order which governs this collective conscience by defining statuses, roles, values, and norms (McIntyre, 113). Thus, the institution that has power over the society is able to control meanings of symbols and thus meanings are able to control how culture is perceived. The relation between the institutions of man with the periods of time in which the sociological artifacts of the phallus and the vulva are dominant can be viewed through a sociological lense to understand their significance in mankind’s history. This paper focuses on the influence of government and religion on the changing meanings of these symbols in society. This change in meanings associated with the phallus and vulva symbol has been present since the early phases of mankind’s development; furthermore, power and dominance ofShow MoreRelatedCulture And Cultural Artifacts : The Phallus And The Vulva1878 Words   |  8 Pages roles, values, and norms, ultimately have the ability to control the social construction of reality. This paper focuses on the influence of government and religion as institutions of man on the changing meanings of two symbols in society: the phallus and the vulva. Throughout time, mankind’s fascination with symbols, things that represent something else to more than one person (McIntyre, 102), of genitalia has been prevalent; however, the dominant sex of the genitalia has changed with differentRead MoreJacques Lacan Essay3310 Words   |  14 Pagesfrom Sigmund Freud. His views of the conscious and unconscious being split and a phallocentric order as the center of society evolved from Freud’s. Lacan views our development in life as three stages or phases that one must enter into in order to become a part of society. The goal of these phases is the stabilization of signifiers. ‘Signifiers’, the elements of memory that make up the unconscious are floating around the unconscious. These ‘signifiers’ are held together by the phallocentric orderRead MoreRichard Boothby s Sex On The Couch1764 Words   |  8 PagesIn Richard Boothby s Sex on the Couch: What Freud Still Has To Teach Us About Sex and Gender, one l earns that Freud developed the ideals of the phallic symbol—this included three stages of the psychosexual: four stages: oral, anal, phallic. This phallus, as a common misconception, is not so much an elaborate word for ‘penis.’ It actually has very little to do with the penis, and more to do with what a woman actually desires, â€Å"Strength, intelligence, virility, competence, creativity, influence overRead More Psychoanalytical Criticism2775 Words   |  12 PagesPsychoanalytical criticism is a form of literary critique, which uses some of the techniques of psychoanalysis in the interpretation of literature. Lacanian critics examine psychoanalytic phases such as the Symbolic and apply this phase while interpreting literary texts. Lacanian critics also associate the literary work’s content to broader Lacanian concepts, such as the Phallic and the Other. The focus of this essay is to apply these psychoanalytical techniques while interpreting Lady Macbet h’sRead MorePsychosexual Stages And Societal Structure1490 Words   |  6 Pagescourse of action for the most effective normal stage progression for an individual, based on Freud’s theory of development. The first of Freud’s psychosexual stages is the oral stage, which occurs from birth until the age of one year. During the oral phase, an individual’s main source of conflict is weaning, caused by libido being primarily concentrated in the mouth. If an individual becomes fixated on the oral stage, they will develop problems with dependency and/or aggression in later life. AbnormalitiesRead MoreHow Heteronormativity And Media Stereotypes On Queer People Express Their Sexualities1655 Words   |  7 Pagesheteronormativity can influence both queer and non queer people on sexuality and how to outwardly express themselves. In media, queer men and women are almost always portrayed in stereotypical roles, and bisexuality is almost always expressed as a phase or not real. These ideas affect how others view queer identities and how queer people view their own identity, and the social norms around them. Men are commonly described as â€Å"feminine† whilst women are portra yed as â€Å"masculine† (Tara Sarper, 2013)Read MoreRepresentation Of The Oedipus Complexes1905 Words   |  8 Pageslosing phallus, trigger his castration fear. The androgynous and the limb The androgynous who kept looking at the limb, used a stick to poke it. The stick can be associated with the phallus, as Freud linked up things that can be a substitute for female’s absent phallus with male’s penis (Freud, 2007). The hand is the source of the man’s masturbatory shame, while it was a representation of his burgeoning sexaulity as well. The androgynous could be one of his self-image, who is now in the phase of realisationRead More The Role of the Great Mother in Beowulf Essay1990 Words   |  8 PagesMother aligns with the archetypal imagery of the negative aspect of the female, which always includes the . . .woman with the phallus, the unity of childbearing and begetting, of life and death (Neuhmann 170). She is Terrible due to her part male, part female configuration, for she has defied categorization. In possession of the quintessential male power signifier, the phallus, she has no need of a patronym; and although in control of a treasury, she ha s no desire to make herself the object of mensRead MoreMy Own Progression through the Psychosexual Stages of Development1660 Words   |  7 Pagesincident I never was afraid to get up and go to the bathroom. I was so embarrassed that I never wanted it to happen again. The third stage is the phallic stage. This stage begins from age three to six. Freud’s third stage comes from the Latin word phallus, which means â€Å"penis.† This stage deals with overcoming the Oedipus complex by identifying with the same-sex parent. The Oedipus complex is the boy’s intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother. This stage took me someRead MoreJean Cixous s Le Deuxieme Sexe And Helen Cixous2162 Words   |  9 Pagesdeconstructing the theory of Freud’s ‘complexe de castraction’ in men throughout Oedipal phase of psychosexual development and the Lancanian theory of symbolic order in the growth of language. Freud in his essay ‘La Tà ªte de Mà ©duse, 1922’ puts forth the idea that the execution of Medusa’s head is an image that shows the emasculation complex in males in the Oedipal phase wherein understanding the absence of the penis or phallus, in the mother, the young m ale child identifies with the father, for the fear of

American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald...

Founding father Benjamin Franklin described the American dream as the â€Å"pursuit of a better existence†¦ a higher quality of life through hard work, determination, and devotion† (Benjamin Franklin). The American dream is an idea that if you work hard, you can rise from â€Å"rags to riches† and live a wealthy and prosperous life with moral values of respect and integrity. Ironically, Franklin’s version of the dream was decaying during the roaring 1920s when society became corrupt and obsessed with greed. In his classic book, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald shows how the American dream of â€Å"hard work, determination, and devotion† was deteriorating because society had become greedy and materialistic. In addition, moral values were in decline and that†¦show more content†¦She talks about the â€Å"lower orders† as through she does not belong to it (Fitzgerald 69). In addition to her hatred for poor, she cheats on her husband and tells him that she is going to see her sister Catherine when she is actually visiting Tom Buchanan. Both Tom and Myrtle contribute to the decline of the Franklin’s vision because they don’t present â€Å"devotion† in their relationships but rather cheat on their partners. Although Tom Buchannan doesn’t represent Franklin’s version of hard work, his college friend, Nick Carraway does. Nick is not lazy nor relies on family wealth. He comes to New York to learn about the bond business and work hard to earn money himself rather than depend on his family’s wealth. In addition, Carraway is one of those people who have â€Å" a sense of the fundamental decencies† (Fitzgerald 2). Overall, unlike Tom, Carraway exhibits respect and admiration for others regardless of their social status. Like Tom Buchannan, Gatsby, a son of poor farmer contributes to the decline of Franklin’s vision because he believes that money can solves all of his problems. Instead of achieving his wealth by â€Å"hard work, determination, and devotion,† Gatsby earns his wealth from doing illegal work. For example, â€Å"[Gatsby] and this Wolfshiem brought up a lot of side – street drug – stores here and in Chicago and sold grain alcohol over the counter† (Fitzgerald 110). Gatsby, whoseShow MoreRelatedAmerican Dream : The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1280 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Ludwig 10 November 2014 American Dream The ideal American Dream is that every citizen in the U.S. may have a promising future, happiness, a family, and health. Some reach the American Dream, and some settle for less. People who do not obtain any type of American Dream cannot truly be happy because their life is not truly fulfilled, which does not satisfy their ambition. Jay Gatsby, a young man who over came poverty, and achieved the ideal American Dream but fell in love with a young ladyRead MoreThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald1129 Words   |  5 Pageseconomy began to soar, and the notion of the American dream began to take effect. The American Dream is the idea that anyone can come from any background and no matter who they are, if they work hard and stay true to themselves, they can achieve their dreams. The Great Gatsby, set in the early twenties, displays that socio-economic power is obtained through inheritance, forming an aristocracy of power and wealth. The Great Gatsby, written by F . Scott Fitzgerald, demonstrates how geography and locationRead MoreThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald1082 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1920’s was a time of great change to both the country lived in as well as the goals and ambitions that were sought after by the average person. During this time, priorities shifted from family and religion to success and spontaneous living. The American dream, itself, changed into a self centered and ongoing personal goal that was the leading priority in most people’s lives. This new age of carelessness and naivety encompasses much of what this earlier period is remembered for. In additionRead More The American Dream in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald2776 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction The â€Å"Great Gatsby† is a very twisted and convoluted novel which was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. It has been written in late 1925, the characters in the novel focus upon a fictional town of West Egg. The plot of the story depends over the mystifying millionaire, Jay Gatsby, who has an impetuous enthusiasm for one of the most beautiful women in town, Daisy Buchanan. The theme of the novel focuses upon the American Dream that shares the experiences of the revival of the World WarRead MoreThe American Dream : F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1329 Words   |  6 PagesAn American Illusion After the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was implemented in America, many immigrants from China, Japan, and India were stripped of their pursuit of the American Dream at Angel Island. The immigration station’s detainment of these rejected dreamers destroyed stories before they could happen. These stories of opportunity and the fulfillment of the American Dream make America what it is today. For instance, many immigrants today who are lucky enough to settle into America enterRead More Corruption of the American Dream in the Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1438 Words   |  6 Pages Broken Dreams and Fallen Themes In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald employs the use of characters, themes, and symbolism to convey the idea of the American Dream and its corruption through the aspects of wealth, family, and status. In regards to wealth and success, Fitzgerald makes clear the growing corruption of the American Dream by using Gatsby himself as a symbol for the corrupted dream throughout the text. In addition, when portraying the family the characters in Great Gatsby are used to exposeRead MoreThe American Dream : F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1362 Words   |  6 PagesGatsby Corrupted Dream The American Dream is originally thought to be about how hard work can lead one person from poorness to richness with the right amount of effort put in. The American Dream can have different meaning to different people but at the end they are all trying to achieve a goal. The American Dream usually requires hard work and dedication. But cheating your way to success can change a person. An example of a distorted American Dream would be F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great GatsbyRead MoreCorruption of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald855 Words   |  4 Pages In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald gives the reader a glimpse into the life of the high class during the 1920’s through the eyes of a man named Nick Carraway. Through the narrators dealings with high society, Fitzgerald demonstrates how modern values have transformed the American dreams ideas into a scheme for materialistic power and he reveals how the world of high society lacks any sense of morals or consequence. In order to support his message, Fitzgerald presents the originalRead MoreCorrupted American Dream in the Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1389 Words   |  6 Pagesit corrupted them as they set to reach the American dream by acquiring wealth for the only purpose to pursue pleasure. The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald showing that no one is unaffected by the corruption. This novel is seen through the eyes of Nick Carraway, who moves from the mid-west to west-egg to chase his American dream. He observes the people and events around him as he follows the attempts of his neighbor Jay Gatsby, to gain back Daisy Buchanan’s love. ThroughRead MoreCorrupting the American Dream in The Great Gatsby† by F. Scott Fitzgerald869 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"The Great Gatsby† by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the author establishes materialism and wealth as a corruption to the American dream. The American dream embodies the idea of self-sufficient, honest and intelligent individual with a happy successful life. It is also the idea of the pursuit of happiness but Daisy Buchanan a wealthy aristocrat goes after the empty pursuit of pleasure, portraying her character as a disillusionment of the American dream and how much it lost its good values. The

Positive Impact In Women On Economic Labor Growth Free Essays

string(179) " chances of women labor in economic growth are minimized since they are given jobs such as infant teaching, nursing and social works which has very low impact on economic growth\." Economic growth of any country depends on the labor input of men, women and children (where the laws of such countries permit children to work) concerted efforts by all are needed to ensure economic growth, having said that, it is prudent to note without prejudice to women, that men play a big role in economic growth of states that women in most countries in the world. This is evidenced by among others the statistics of the International Labor Organization (I. L. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive Impact In Women On Economic Labor Growth or any similar topic only for you Order Now O. ) which ranks men highly. Secondly, it can be seen from the informal sector, small businesses and number of factory workers that men are above women in terms of input towards economic growth. Much that the foregoing is true, it does not mean that our women don’t play a role in economic growth. They on the contrary play a very big role in economic growth of any country/state. They do take time off to raise children, go to work and make life easy for their husbands to go on their work with ease. (They provide a good environment for men to make the economy grow). Finally this paper is all about the role women play in economic growth. It also recognizes the challenges women have to put with while so contributing to economic growth. It also recognizes the challenges women have to put with while so contributing to economic growth. These include, family obligations, negative perceptions against them and Discrimination The survey is to analyze whether women labor ha impact on economic growth. Much has been said about women role in the society and in the economic growth both in short term and long term. This can be said that women have both negative and positive impacts in the economic growth. The results show a negative association between intermittent attachment tot he labor market for fairly related reasons and women occupations prestige in casual terms the results provide evidence that women expecting to lift the labor force tend to choose lower prestige occupation in anticipation of future career interruption. In general, analysis the micro economic implication of cynical and circular movement in the women of the labor force and changes in the intensity of female household labor. This assumes that arise in the women of the labor force stimulates the investments while arise in the intensity of female household labor raised savings. The interaction of these two effects in the context of Keynesian growth cycle model and assess the likelihood of structurally adjusting economy experiencing a recovery through women labor. This analysis shows that for a gender based recovery to succeed the impact of women labor force on investments must be stronger than the impact of raising intensity of female household labor as on saving. In general, high and high middle income countries benefit from women labor for their economic growth. Introduction That women do not contribute to the growth of the economy is a misconception that should not be allowed to stand. The input of women towards economic growth cannot be compared to that of men; women must be given their due as regards matters economic growth. This is because their contribution is hindered by many factors, including maternity leaves where they have to take time off from active employment to give birth, and raise the children, during this time; there are a lot of man hours that literally go to waste. This has to be factored in when evaluating their contribution to economic growth. Family obligations are also a hindrance to their maximum participation and contribution to the economy. Another factor is the discrimination that women face in terms of promotions at the work place, loan advancement from banks and so on. On the flip side of the coin, women play a positive impact in economic growth in terms of being home makers thus giving their men ample time to go about promoting economic growth. This paper seeks out to show the positive impact of women labor in the growth of the economy, and further to elaborate the challenges they face when going about contributing to economic growth. Much has been said about the role women play tot he economy. Whether their role has nay impact on the economy of any country and this has led to the discrimination in the labor market based on gender and distribution of workers among jobs that generates discrimination on labor market outcomes. According to Naomi Wolf 1991, (Every worker brings some physical attractiveness tot he labor market along with other attributes and most are concerned perhaps in inordinately so with this aspect of labor market characteristics. This has led tot he US coming up with anti-discrimination legislation to prevent denying employment on the basis of gender, height, weight and personal appearances. In fact, in recent past many nations and states have been attempting to improve the status of women in their society. An important element in national policies is the improvement of women’s access wider range of jobs, including those at a managerial level so that their impact can be seen in the economic growth. Countries like, Britain have introduced legislation to prevent unfair discrimination against women in their workplace. Although such legislation cannot itself bring changes sought by the government but it can serve to influence male attitudes towards the role of women into e economic growth. Attitudes towards role of women as home maker vary from one country to the other. Some countries emphasize the women’s role as wife/mother and homemaker. Their attitude are biased against women taking on anything other than relatively low-level part time work even education for women tend to be moved towards this assumption about women roles. By comparison, the expectation of men as bread winners are high and thus social action is geared to the education, training and support of men in employment and in economic growth. In such a situation the chances of women labor in economic growth are minimized since they are given jobs such as infant teaching, nursing and social works which has very low impact on economic growth. You read "Positive Impact In Women On Economic Labor Growth" in category "Papers" Much effort has been made recently to remove the obstacles on the roles of women in career development and equal pay. This is aimed at encouraging greater fairness towards women at work. Other efforts to improve the lot of women employee include such developments as women into science and engineering. Arguments It is true that women have positive impact on economic labor growth like Taiwan has used women to develop their economy. Increased employment is a requirement for the survival of capitalism. It is not to be confused with division in gender equality. Economic and powerful domestic interest groups, political stability and access to market provided the conditions for Taiwan to develop a viable economic policy based on experts who led to his growth of their economy. Pursuit of labor intensive export oriented development required a particular labor force one that was relatively large in number, flexible in flow and in expensive. It was only women who were to fit in this job as per the requirements since female labor were cheap, were in large number and were flexible for any job. The ready supply of female labor has reduced labor cost and increased competitiveness in the world market in addition the use of female labor has helped to ease the impact of inflation in core countries like USA, Britain for their economy to grow. The elasticity of female labor relative to male labor is indicated by the greater fluctuations in the women participation rates over time. Most developed countries have used women for their economic growth, since women operates small businesses which are known as small micro-economic enterprises as entrepreneurs. This usually makes a country to grow for example Pakistan has grown due to small micro-economic enterprises which are mostly operated by women. They assist the economy of the country by payment of taxes to the government and job creation. More so, women play a very vital role in economic growth by giving their spouses good support that is by taking care of the young ones and doing household works, which could have been done by their husband hence making their husbands more productive. Counter Arguments In fact women have negative impaction on the economic growth. This can be seen from various perspectives women employment really affects the economy of the country due to their life cycle. Women tend to withdraw from their workplace between the age 25 – 34 years that is after their marriage and the birth of the first child hence, bringing very strong negative impact tot the economy since they will be taking most of the time attending household work and taking after their children. According tot he survey women return tot work after 35 years as their family responsibilities lighten. Also the survey say the majority leave the labor market after 55 years of age perhaps to care for their elderly members of their family, while the male stay in the job market that is, contributing tot he economic growth until they reach the age for retirement and then after they look for part time jobs to work until they are unable to work, that is they contribute tot he economy to their later years. The differential impact of marital status is more obvious when one compares female and male rates while gender makes a difference in labor force participation. The difference is the smallest for a single increased employment is a requirement for the survival of capitalism; it is not to be confused with a victory in gender equality. Most women due to women little level of education affect economic growth of the economy due to most of them work they will be doing will be unskilled, and lower paying hence no impact to the economy of any state. In addition growth is indirectly affected through the impact of gender in equality on investments and the population growth since women population is high in most sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia. This has affected the economy of those countries. According to the review of economic study, July 1989 the relationship between women share of labor force of the process of congestion economic development, and macroeconomic changes associated with structural adjustment it found out that the relationship between long term development and women’s share of the labor force is U-shaped. Women contributes very little to the economy since most of their work are part time or temporary work they take these jobs in order to juggle work with their domestic responsibility that is for children when the are young and for elderly relatives when they are older. Most women who work part time or temporary employment, make counterparts make assumptions that they are not interested in promotion where they will work as senior and contribute more to the economy. Most works are traditionally structured based to suit men who can work full time, hence closing out women who usually need part-time jobs. The implication that if women are to make greater progress in obtaining managerial posts so that they can contribute to the economy as their male counterparts work must then be structures to allow for greater flexibility of working including part time work for mangers so hat women can work and contribute to the economy and it should have a great agreed career breaks, improved arrangements for introduction of women into managers, work Structuring is not only problem for the women to contribute tot he economy. Men prejudice is another. According Flanders whilst pas t experience helps us to decide how to act in the present, it is nevertheless important to see if that experience is still valid. Male in particular needs to examine their current attitude towards employment of women into managerial posts since these attitudes may not always be based on sound evidence of a women performance. There is little evidence to justify why women cannot be given good jobs so that they can contribute to the economic growth. Minor excuses cannot be used unfairly to discriminate women in good jobs. In general women needs and wants and capability arise from assumption that men make about women in the workplace. Some studies have shown that he difference in leadership style and attitude towards work is the general principle behind me towards women taking a wide range of study into account, most of the research indicates that there are few important differences between the performance of a woman and men at work, especially in the situation where they are able to compete in equal terms so woman can bring a very positive impact in economic growth ,if given chances especially if they can be given jobs which men equally do and to be recognized as employee and not as woman . Although in physical strength men are superior to woman being generally taller, large and more muscular . this doesn’t mean they can bring more impact to the economy . Nowadays when purely physical strength is called fro are very rare in the working environment and thus the physical difference between the performance of men and woman are scarcely referent . When it comes to mental, there’s no difference between the two. According to colwills (1995) in her own studies , she comments in relation to verbal skills that :among adults men have an edge in the solving of analogies , but women outperform men in most other verbal tests, including vocabulary and verbal fluency . She notes that visual spatial ability which is important for engineers, architects and air crew ,is higher among men than woman . o too is advanced mathematical ability although at lower levels of performance there is little difference between sexes col wills research suggest that even though woman are verbally superior to men ,the styles of communication they adopt are taken as assign of weakness ,especially by men who she found typically listen less than woman interrupting more and use more aggressive language. Colwill comments that the verbal style associated with woman speech are not only devalued, there is evidence that they are devalued more for woman than for men . The research shows that woman who use disclaimers are seen as less intelligent and less knowledgeable than woman who do not use these feminine style and less intelligent and less knowledgeable than men who do use them† This evidence helps to medicate the deeply in grained made dominance of work environment . it is not a question . it is not a question of men prejudice against woman in management rules but their sheet lack of experience of woman in responsible roles in the workplace . This is a reflection of organizational culture where leadership culture of work has been established by men for men. According to marshall on the topic of woman and organization culture (1993)she says that ,† I see male and female values as qualities to which both sexes have access woman and men are both the same and different Marshall argues that western society has given predominance to make values which have shaped its organization its cultural worms. They are perceived as different to men, women are considered to be inferior. On the issue of woman and leadership, early and Johnson (1990) conducted literature reviews involving 370 comparison of styles between men and woman managers . The conclusions they drew from all the studies they investigated can be summarized as follows: woman generally adopted a more democratic or participate style compared with men who tend to prefer an autocratic or directive style ,in confined settings men tended to be more task oriented than woman ,but in ordinary work situations there were no noticeable differences in task oriented style between the sexes. The difficulties face by women in attempting to break into what has been and still is mainly a man\s world has been refereed to as the (glass ceiling) analogy which attempts to describe the subtly transparent barrier that prevents women from gaining access tot he more senior roles in the organizations which eventually leads tot he economic growth. Given the nature of the male dominate over the workplace, what organization can do to achieve greater fairness for women and better balance of sexes in managerial roles in only by involving more women in decision making in setting the company policies. There are several possible actions that can be taken at an organizational level to improve a fairer framework for working conditions. These are more likely to succeed if they are open to both men and women, thus avoiding possible charges either of favoring men for patronizing women. These steps include; going beyond merely supporting the often minimal requirements of legislation; increasing part time opportunities for permanent staff. Making job sharing available, where this may be practicable, given the demands of the job and the skills it require. CONCLUSION In my view it is important to mix both parties that is men and women in economic labor market by so doing no party will be seen as superior or inferior but the total growth of the economic labor growth will be achieved. From above discussion we have seen the role played by women and men, and if they will combine their skills the economy of a country will grow. In simple terms no one party can claim that they contribute more than other party? How to cite Positive Impact In Women On Economic Labor Growth, Papers

Role of Information Security Education and Training Within Enterprises

Question: Describe the role of information security education and training within enterprises. Answer: Information security practices helps to protect information from any kind of undesired disclosure. It also provides helps to ensure the integrity of the information and also provides accessibility only to the authorized individuals. Information security also ensures accountability for the access and utilization of the information. As per the article by Amankwa, Loock and Kritzinger (2015) information security has the ability to identify threats from operational, physical and human factors. Therefore, it helps enterprises to implement appropriate technical, physical, procedural and human related control over the important and confidential information. Thus, information security practices within the organization provide additional value to an enterprise by reducing and avoiding the possibility of unauthorized access. It also allows organization to modify their present information system, which almost every enterprise heavily depend upon in present business environment. Technical evaluation in the sector of information security control has become a major issue for every organization to handle. Information security tools like firewalls, anti-virus proved extremely useful for every organization to protect information from any type of external threats. However, proper exploitation of the implemented information system requires error free human control. In addition, as technology is continuously evolving, it started to demand specific knowledge regarding security of the information system. Therefore, it has become a necessary for every organization to provide training regarding the human centric control of the implemented information security system (Galliers and Leidner 2014). Furthermore, information security system associated with several types of rules and regulations that every enterprise has to follow. Otherwise, this can actually become an illegal offence committed by the organization, which can have major negative impact on the overall image of the company. Figure 1: Information security foundation (Source: Whitman and Mattord 2013) As per the article by Adelsberger, Collis and Pawlowski (2013) information security education will allow employees of an organization gain knowledge about appropriate compliance requirements, legislation and ethical practices. Since, security education can provide the necessary information regarding the understanding of compliance requirements, ethical obligation and potential threats. Hence, information security training and education allows employees or management of an enterprise to identify the security priority and align it with the business strategies so that the enterprise can able to formulate standard procedures and policies, which will help to secure the information that has the potential to provide competitive advantage in the market. Furthermore, enterprises try to implement information security system, as it brings additional values. Billett et al. (2015) mentioned, Even the best technological controls are worthless in the hands of poorly trained or unmotivated staff. Information management has become one of the most crucial factors in present business environment, as every organization is looking to implement strategy so that it can able to secure organizational information of the enterprise. Therefore, importance of training and education for all the employees are also becoming very important. Training and education important for create awareness regarding the kind of threat an organization might have to face. Otherwise, information system technological tool might not have the expected amount of impact. As per the study by Ahmad, Maynard and Park (2014) many organizations are starting to invest huge amount of money to increase its present level of information security. Zafar (2013) mentioned that human factor is among the weakest link regarding organizational implementation of security system. Therefore, information security training and education have a positive and direct effect on the overall understanding of ethical obligation and compliance regulation towards the information security. Training and education reduce the possibility of inside threats also. The United States Office of Management and Budget highlighted that inadequacy of security and privacy education as the prime risk impeding the adequate protection of government information. According to the study by Merkow and Breithaupt (2014), 47% of information security professionals express their disappointment that enterprise are not providing necessary training and education regarding the information security system. However, the above discussion established the fact that training and education regarding information security is not only important but also necessary for the enterprises in order to keep its information secure from any type of unauthorized access. In addition, training and education in the information security also allows employees to utilize the system much more effectively. Therefore, it improves the effectiveness of the internal process of the organization as well. Training and education in the information security also helps enterprises to have a clear idea about what kind of usage of the information is allowed in the ethical practices. As a result, in reduces the chances of human error that can increase the probability of misuse of the information. Proposed set of recommendation for training and education within the enterprise: The above discussion established the fact that information security is one of the prime concerns for every organization. Since, it not only helps enterprises to store information but also allows develop strategies that can help to gain competitive advantage in the market. However, as the technology is improving, several risks are also coming up that can actually break the information system of the enterprise. Hence, it can steal important confidential data of the organization, which eventually force the organization to face huge amount of losses. Hence, training and educating employees is extremely important so that they can able to manage crisis much more effectively. Hence, the recommended training or education program will have to perform several steps to create high level of effectiveness. The recommended steps described as follows: Introduction of the implemented system: The training and education program regarding the information security will have to consider the introduction stage. This step is important because it will allow employees of an enterprise to perceive the kind of changes they will have to face in organizational operation. This stage of training and education process also will have to highlight the necessity of the introduction of information security system in the organizational process. Creating awareness about the implemented system: In present competitive business environment, it is necessary to for every enterprise to implement innovative strategies that have the potential to provide competitive advantage in the market. Implementation of information security system is also considered as one of the important part of an enterprise (Andress 2014). Therefore, training and education program regarding information security system will have to create awareness so that every employee can able to understand the kind of positive impact it can have on the organizational processes. Creating awareness will also influence the willingness of the employees to learn this new technology. Therefore, organizations will able to have employees with greater amount of skill. Hence, enterprises will able to manage their information much more effectively. Highlighting the key areas where implemented system will have greater impact: Highlighting the key areas where implemented system will have greater impact will have to be the next step of the training and education process. Since, it will allow employees to identify the exact areas where organization is struggling to secure its information. Therefore, employees will also become very careful for those areas. This will minimize the possibilities of human error. As mentioned earlier, human error considered as one of the prime factor that create negative impact on the information security process of the organization. Hence, if training and education process can able to utilize this step properly, it will able to create high security information system. Educating the way of executing the implemented system: As per the article by Luftman et al. (2012) every system has its unique way of working. Therefore, it requires specific skills from the individuals in order to utilize that system for the desired objective. Information security system is no difference. Therefore, it does demand specific skill set from the employees. Hence, next step of training and education of information security will have to consider about the development of knowledge regarding the way of execution of information security system. Hence, it will allow enterprises to secure its information in a much more effective way. Informing legislative boundary of the implemented system: As mentioned earlier, information security system has some legislative restriction. Therefore, it is necessary for every members of an enterprise to know about these rules and regulations. Thus, it highlighted the importance of this particular step in the training and education process of information security. In addition, it also allows enterprises to maintain proper ethical practices regarding the information security. Hence, this step of training and education process actually has great positive impact on the overall development process of the organizational image and goodwill. Providing practical practices: According to Aloul (2012), training and educational program regarding any subject cannot be fulfilled without implementing any practice session. Since, it allows the learner to evaluate the process or technology with a firsthand experience. As a result, learners can able to remember all the process or knowledge effectively for long time. Therefore, enterprises also will have to implement practical training process so that the employees can able to utilize information security system much more effectively. References: Adelsberger, H.H., Collis, B. and Pawlowski, J.M. eds., 2013.Handbook on information technologies for education and training. Springer Science Business Media. Ahmad, A., Maynard, S.B. and Park, S., 2014. Information security strategies: towards an organizational multi-strategy perspective.Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,25(2), pp.357-370. Aloul, F.A., 2012. The need for effective information security awareness.Journal of Advances in Information Technology,3(3), pp.176-183. Amankwa, E., Loock, M. and Kritzinger, E., 2015, November. Enhancing information security education and awareness: Proposed characteristics for a model. In2015 Second International Conference on Information Security and Cyber Forensics (InfoSec)(pp. 72-77). IEEE. Andress, J., 2014.The basics of information security: understanding the fundamentals of InfoSec in theory and practice. Syngress.

Importance Of Managing Inventory Transport-Myassignmenethelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Importance Of Managing Inventory Transport? Answer: Introducation The article aims at showing the importance of managing inventory and transportation field to reduce loss or any inefficiency as a result of poor planning. The author also explores intermodal connectivity and vehicle routing planning(VRP) as a means of improving operation management. According to the author, Operations Management is dedicated to research and execution of all those actions aimed at generating the greater value added in the production of goods and services. The concepts of production and logistics should be clear (Collaborative Promotions, 2010). The content of any plan of operations revolves around the how? And with what? Operations Management is responsible for the production of the goods and services of the organization, from being responsible for the decision making in the operations function and the transformation systems that are used. Raw materials and inputs Comparison against desired output in terms of how best the operation management should give results. Logistics is responsible for the efficient distribution of resources and products with a lower cost and excellent service delivery (Heizer, Render Munson, 2017). It seeks to strategically manage the acquisition, movement, storage and control of inventories, as well as the entire flow of information associated to perform an activity in a timely manner and at the appropriate cost. Key questions on the article. The author is interested in knowing how improving various aspects of supply chain management will improve operations management of a company. One of the questions he asks how channel management is an important factor between marketing and supply chain and how this can improve the overall operations of the company. He also asks how these can be improved. Objectives of Logistics The objective is to reduce investments in acquisition, purchase, storage, distribution and transportation of materials. Provide a logistical planning so that there is smooth operation in the organization. Logistics Management Determines and coordinates optimally the right product, the right place and the right time to satisfy the patient. It must be applied before logistic planning to determine what we are going to do and what we need, how we are going to get it, where and how we are going to save it, how we are going to keep a record of what is missing and what is left over and if we have The necessary staff (Hugos, 2013). Operations management also deals with a set of activities that involves the total flow of materials and the flow of information associated with it, from the point of origin to the point of consumption. It facilitates and develops support activities to achieve the business objective: meet the "requirements" of customers in a timely manner. Key concept of the article It is necessary to define the services that will be provided and the products to be elaborated inside and outside the office to determine what needs to be purchased in advance and stored. In procurement It is necessary to know what materials, inputs and instruments it is desired to have for immediate use or for the timely renewal of existing ones (Johnson, 2002). Companies must manage complex, cross-border supply chains with inefficient manual processes, long process times, increased risk, and a number of regulatory requirements that characterize these supply chains. Transport planning and implementation processes should cover all modes of transport. Companies need to determine how the supply chain will be, what inventory is needed, where inventory should be installed in order to get the best transportation prices, develop and execute transportation plans for own and third party assets (Weele, 2015). In this way you can create the most efficient logistics route to achieve the best results and thus improve visibility from the time the order is created to the delivery of the product. Transportation planning or vehicle routing planning(VRP) allows for the analysis of the orders based on the place of origin and destination, consolidating the loads and determining the most appropriate way to move the cargo considering the dates of delivery and the budget for the transfer. Transportation planning allows the optimization of daily or weekly transport plans by means of load consolidation, transport selection, income and output integration, which includes the routing of common conveyors(Hugos Thomas, 2006). Daily or multi-period transport plans can be created, as well as tactical transport planning with "what if" scenarios, better fleet design and capacity. It covers the entire spectrum of specific needs, lowering costs and improving service to customers. The design of the network must be integrated with tactical planning to achieve better results; Has the objective of solving supply chain modeling, optimizing problems, including product entry and exit, strategic and tactical planning and global as well as regional (Weele, 2015). The point click function with interactive map allows you to view all logistic modeling and to design and optimize the whole chain network, you can balance warehouse and inventory costs together with transport and production costs, To customer demands. Route planning Route planning provides the necessary technology to develop the strategy to implement a dynamic and real-time route; And it allows to realize intelligent route programming(Graham, 2005).In that sense, logistics makes it possible to take the first step towards this goal: reducing the costs of supplies.Thus, in a world where there are more demands for higher quality and lower costs in the processes, the mining industry is forced to perfect its operations through an optimal logistics management (Stevenson, n.d.). This fact confirms the determining role that supplying companies have in the logistics management chain and even beyond their field of operation, since they are not only developed locally, but are capable of generating innovation, export capacity and, consequently, , Contribute to the growth of their communities. All the errors of the direction conclude in the inventory, you hear in the hallways of the jargon. Inventory is often as necessary as it is pernicious, and we need not deal here with the pros and cons of maintaining inventory levels or different inventory management models. It is necessary to mention here that to achieve that the value created and expressed in a product (which we can call value of form) and all the efforts put into creating brand value through the marketing activities (which we will call possession value) Have the desired effect, it is necessary to consider the management activities linked to time and space (Stevenson, n.d.). The management of times and spac es must occupy an important place in the agenda of any organization interested in achieving healthy levels of customer service and operational profitability. The article has been subdivided into three parts, the writer provides information on the following topics i.e logistics,supply chain and inventory and transport management. In the logistics section, the writer points out that the complexity of logistics can be modeled, visualized,analysed and optimized by a dedicated software(Bolstorff Rosenbaum, 2003). He underscores the fact that minimization of resource use is the main motivator in logistics for import and export. For the supply chain part, the writer states that companies do not seek to achieve an improvement in profits or reduction of cost but instead they seek to make the supply chain a whole more competitive. For the inventory part and transport management, the writer points out that the main line of research has been focused on finding solution on deteriorating inventory models. However, various researchers have pointed out that new models can be developed to capture current managerial features and obtain new managerial insights. There is also research on VRP (Vehicle routing problem) to ensure that there is cost minimization between terminals to enable operations to be efficient. Inferences in Supply Chain Management The article provides the following inferences, that development of economy and technology has improved operations management of supply and chain management(Peltz, 2008)..With continued research in the supply and management field, companies can be assured of better management of logistics and other transport related issues. Implications Somehow, it is possible to say that the logistics are universal and that their methods are common maintaining the frames of reference, as they are situation, seasonality, locality among others. Therefore, it is important to talk about levels of development in logistics. In the world, for example, the development of operations in a company clusters in the zones of operation provided a great advance and a level superior to its logistics (Nandi Ganapathi, 2015). In its basic role, logistics management involves the purchase of goods and services, which must be transferred safely and through the use of controls(Park Banyai, 2007). These goods must be transferred, stored and received by someone. All this implies a chain of integration of several suppliers in the logistics management. This leads to a more efficient operations management and consequently better link between the customer and the company. Conclusions In order to overcome all the challenges it is indispensable to automate and control the management and the transport processes; Increase inventory visibility and costs, and reduce expenses and times, as well as risk factors. The only way to achieve greater profits is to overcome the competition and this is only achieved by automating the management with technology. The software allows you to take advantage of new opportunities, strengthening and expanding customer satisfaction by optimizing all transportation management processes. The objective is to design and optimize the whole network of the supply chain to automate the management of the transport processes, eliminating the silos of information and the lack of continuity in the processes to obtain visibility of the logistics and the control in the whole chain globa (Johnson, 2002)l. In this way you can create an effective plan to meet the demands of moving products. Companies around the world and all sectors, manufacturing, retail and distribution need to optimize their transport operations for better decision making. The software must have tools for strategic and tactical planning of the supply chain, and a transportation execution so as to create a plan for the moving products and then execute that plan through the collaboration of the suppliers, improving the billing , Increasing customer satisfaction and ensuring customer loyalty. All these benefits allow you to make better decisions(Stevenson, n.d.). References Bolstorff, P., Rosenbaum, R. (2003).Supply chain excellence. New York: American Management Association. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics and supply chain management. Harlow (England): Pearson. Collaborative Promotions. (2010). Heidelberg. Graham, G. (2005).Supply chain management: an international journal. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Hugos, M., Thomas, C. (2006).Supply chain management in the retail industry. Hoboken (N.J.): J. Wiley Sons. Heizer, J., Render, B., Munson, C. (2017).Principles of operations management. Boston: Pearson. Hugos, M. (2013).Essentials of supply chain management. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Johnson, P. (2002).Principles of controlled maintenance management. Lilburn, GA: Fairmont Press. Nandi, S., Ganapathi, S. (2015).Logistics management. New York [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Pr. Park, L., Banyai, I. (2007).Tap dancing on the roof. New York: Clarion Books. Peltz, E. (2008).Effectively sustaining forces overseas while minimizing supply chain costs. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, National Defense Research Institute and Arroyo Center. Schechter, D., Sander, G. (2002).Delivering the goods. New York: Wiley. Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A., Johnston, R. (2017).Operations management. Cape Town: Pearson. Stevenson, W.Operations management. Weele, A. (2015).Purchasing supply chain management. Australia: Cengage Learning.

Sputnik And The Cold War Essay Research free essay sample

Sputnik And The Cold War Essay, Research Paper Soon after the terminal of World War II, the United States was once more engaged in war. This was the Cold War. The Soviet Union and the United States were locked in conflict to see who would go the most powerful military presence in the universe. Because of this, each state was invariably forcing the bounds of their engineering. These technological promotions inaugurated the Space Age. Sputnik, the first in a series of launches, was the ground the United States entered the Space Race. Some historiographers believe that the cold war began in 1917. They say that after the Bolshevik s ictus of power in the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics, struggle with the West was unable to be avoided. Most historiographers believe, though, that the terminal of World War II, and the beginning of the Cold War are clearly intertwined. ( Forging the Iron Curtain, 1 ) When WWII ended, a conference was held to discourse post-war understandings to determine a secure post-war universe. We will write a custom essay sample on Sputnik And The Cold War Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Yalta Conference met February 4-11, 1945. United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Josef Stalin all met at Yalta in the Ukraine. At Yalta, the determination was made to stop German militarism and Nazism. Germany was divided into zones of business. The Soviets were given eastern Poland. In return, Poland was given pieces of German land. Small reference was made of the Balkans. At the Yalta Conference, the Big Three wrote a Declaration of Liberated Euro pe ask foring engagement in all democratic interim authoritiess in all liberated states. ( Forging the Iron Curtain, 3 ) They promised free and unchained elections. ( The First Year of the Cold War, 1 ) The Western powers had in head democratic and or parliamentary authoritiess. Stalin had interpreted democratic to intend merely anti-fascist non anti-Communist. Stalin supported the aggressive spread of Communism, and with that would come planetary domination. ( Forging the Iron Curtain, 2 ) Further, the Yalta Conference made commissariats to split Korea at the 38th analogue. The three leaders set up a farther conference in April of 1945, in San Francisco, California, to organize the United Nations. At first, Stalin wanted one place per democracy. After much deliberation, they eventually agreed that Stalin would acquire three seats ; one for the USSR, one for the Bulgarian SSR, and one for the Ukrainian SSR. ( Yalta Conference, 1 ) he leaders thought that the United Nations would be a topographic point where states could democratically, every bit good as peacefully, discourse their grudges. The United Nations would assist incorporate the menace of another World War. The Cold War was a political and economic conflict between the capitalist, Western democratic states, and the Communist USSR, which started to heat up after the terminal of World War II. The Communists overtook the Balkans, refused to reunite East and West Germany, and kept rigorous military, political and economic control over the smaller states, which they dominated. After World War II

My Unforgettable Trip Essay Example

My Unforgettable Trip Paper My most unforgettable Trip occurred about 3 years ago during the summer vacation, when I and my sister were embarking on our journey to Spain due to relocation. The day of the trip I laid in bed thinking about the friends of mine whom I was going to leave behind. Thoughts kept coming in. A night before we planned the journey from a city in Nigeria to the capital to catch the plane the next day. We didnt book to take a van. So thought of waking earlier to get to the station were they hire cars and taxis for travelling because we could drive down due to the far distance. So the day came when we had to travel and got to the station as planned. When we arrived at the hire station we seemed to have some problems with our luggage because they were too much for a car our taxi so we had to book for a van to be able to take our luggage. We waited for a long period of time to find the perfect car that would fit our luggage but they seemed to too small or parked up. My aunty who was going to accompanied me and my sister to the airport got so angry because she tend to get very hot tempered because we didnt have a very long period of time to waste before our plane could take off because the journey from were we where to the airport was about 3 hours long. We will write a custom essay sample on My Unforgettable Trip specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Unforgettable Trip specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Unforgettable Trip specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And we had to be their before 7pm. It was about 12pm we hungry so we went for food everyone looking frustrated at the time hoping we leave soon. We where about to leave to another hire company when they assigned us to the perfect van that could take us to the place and fit our entire luggage. Before leaving we had to pray, and I felt very bad because I was going to a different country and was going to miss all my friends and family. I was not comfortable and I cried and wished I never moved. I then got used to the fact that I could come and visit them often and call them. So we took some pictures and we where very happy. The journey was almost perfect but they rain started and it was extremely heavy the drivers driving couldnt see as far due to the rain and that caused a huge traffic jam. I was sitting close to the window with my can of coke and eating my lunch which I had purchased earlier on from the shop. My aunty and my sister fell asleep. During that time I was bored and thinking about other things that were bothering me. My eyes moved into seeing the hill at were in font of us. A bus suddenly came into the picture and which was very close to us. Every car speeding by passing, no limit what so ever. At my side I could say lakes which were very deep inside: I wondered to myself what if something someone fell in side it Then suddenly the bus that was in front of our van suddenly stopped, due to the rain and the speed those cars where taking no one could see what was going to happen and, Boom we smashed into each other. Our car tumbled and we were in luck that the car didnt stumble into the lake. People came across to help us get out of the car because we where stocked and the driver was half dead. We struggled to get out of the car and our entire luggage went lost. Everything was very strange; I had never had that kind of experience before. It was like watching a horror movie. Some people who also participated in the accident started crying, looking for their children, tears beginning to increase, and my leg was deeply injured, my aunty was seeking some help, and my sister was full of injury. It almost seemed that the strategy was never going to end. It felt that I was dreaming and was confused. I was losing a lot of blood and then the emergency aid came and took me and some other people to the hospital where we where treated. We had to pay for some fees but someone came to our aid and did the payments. That was miraculous because we didnt have any money on our hands. We finally got to where we where headed to. And rested but didnt miss our flight. We were happy that we made it through because someone could have lost their life.

History of Management Thought

Misunderstood essays

Misunderstood essays Strong, durable, vigorous, and resilient. These adjectives are the most accurate means of describing Pink and her successful album, titled Missundaztood. If I had somehow been stranded on a desert island, without a doubt in my mind, this album would be the one item that would help me to survive. Although I have an interest in a variety of music, I do not think that country or pop-like music would be the ideal type of music that would help me to feel as hopeful in such a situation. This album, both sounding upbeat and radiating a feeling of triumph, produces a sensation of hope and survival. What makes this album particularly important to me, is not only the lyrics and sound of the music, but more importantly, it explains how tough life can seem. In particular, the songs Dont Let Me Get Me, Just Like a Pill and Family Affair provide a rock/pop tune, easy to feel, and lyrics that send a shiver through out ones body: Don't let me get me/ I'm my own worst enemy/ Its bad when you annoy yourself/So irritating/ Don't wanna be my friend no more/ I wanna be somebody else. These feelings of self-frustration and poor self-esteem, emit something so powerful and so deepsomething that most young adults or teenagers all too often can relate to. The second song on the album which makes this reach my top list of albums, is Just Like a Pill. While the first song represents depression and frustration, this next song takes that frustration and recognizes where the base of the anger lies. Run just as fast as I can/ To the middle of nowhere/ To the middle of my frustrated fears/ And I sw ear you're just like a pill/ Instead of makin' me better, you keep making me ill. Whomever, or whatever causes this frustration is being recognized in this song. The third of the four songs is Family Affair. Both this and the fourth song really complete ...

The History of Nitrous Oxide and its Effect on Automobiles essays

The History of Nitrous Oxide and its Effect on Automobiles essays The History of Nitrous Oxide and its Effect on Automobiles. When many automotive technicians are asked what they think would boost an engine they would answer Nitrous Oxide. Nitrous Oxide is a chemical compound that contains two nitrogen atoms for every oxygen atom. Nitrous oxide is almost always mistakenly called NOS, which is an acronym for the company, Nitrous Oxide Systems. "Nos" is the biggest manufacturer of nitrous oxide injection systems for automotive use. Nitrous oxide is a colorless, non-flammable gas with a slightly sweet taste and odor. When the gas is injested or inhaled it tends to make one laugh or experience a brief period of the chuckles. This is where the nickname laughing gas came from. Too much inhalation of nitrous oxide could cause death because the normal properties (i.e. atmospheric temperature and pressure) of the gas do not allow for the absorption of the Oxygen molecules by themselves. This often causes axfixiation and a most painful death. This is why it is important to make sure your NOS lines are hooked up good in your car because you don't want to be breathing the stuff in. The Germans were the first people to use nitrous oxide in engines when they used it in aircraft during WWII. Many other countries picked up on the idea and started injecting their own aircraft engines with the substance. In the late 1950s nitrous oxide was first used in America by stock car racers to cheat. Soon after racing organizations banned its use because of fairness and safety issues. Then again nitrous oxide was rediscovered by drag racers and hotrodders who needed the extra boost. Many funny cars run super nitrous methane gas still today to make 5's in the quarter mile. The science behind it all is quite simple. When the compound is heated to fission point (570 degrees ferenheit) the molecule splits into the pure forms of oxygen and nitrogen. This provides for ...

Asian Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Asian Business - Essay Example According to the Brewers' Association of Japan (2004), Syozaburo Shibutani started beer brewing and marketing in Osaka during 1872. Beer importation dates back to as early as the Meiji period through the foreigners who came for the development of the Hokkaido (Japanese Sake 2006) though it was only during 1886 when the quantity of domestically produced beer exceeded the level of imports. Nowadays, global brands of beer continue to target the Japanese market while local production is concentrated on breweries who are capable of manufacturing 60K1 of beer (Brewers' Association of Japan 2004). The Japanese beer industry is estimated to be 3.2 trillion yen in value (approximately US$27.3 billion, based on 2001 amounts) indicating the wide popularity of beer in the country. The large market for beer is also evidenced by the fact that beer consumption accounts for 50% of the total alcoholic beverages consumption in volume and 70% in value (The Japanese Beer Industry 2003). There is a huge market for beer in Japan as the country belongs to the biggest beer consumers in the world. During 2003, the country's annual per capita consumption reached 13.4 gallon, making Japan the fourth largest beer consumer worldwide (Impact Databank 2004). The Japanese beer industry is currently comprised of two subsectors namely, regular beer and low malt beer. The regular beer subsector constitutes beer products with 67% or more barley malt content. The low malt beer category is unique to the Japanese beer industry. The creation of this subsector is attributed to the lower tax levied on beer with lower malt content. Typically, products on the low malt subsector has a 25% or less barley malt content having a liquor tax rate which is lower by 40% and has a retail price which is cheaper by 35% relative to regular beer. The low malt subsector has captured a large market in Japan and has experienced double-digit growth since its establishment in 1994. It currently holds 44% of the total beer shipments while approximately 60% of it is consumed locally. Just recently (2003), the low malt subsector was faced with a 28% rise in taxes while regular beer's taxes remained unchanged. This together with product maturity is expected to pull demand for low malt beer (The Japanese Beer Industry 2003). The structure of the Japanese beer industry is oligopolistic in nature with the four major national brewers in Japan accounting for 97% share of the total market. There are still however, foreign brands and local microbrewers who battle for the remaining market share. The major producers of beer in the country are Asahi Breweries (38%), Kirin Brewery (36%), Sapporo Breweries (14%) and Suntory (11%). Asahi Breweries recently dislodged Kirin as market leader due to the wide popularity f its Asahi Super Dry beer. On the other hand, the second largest player Kirin is moving into the production and marketing of non-beer products and becoming an "all-round beverage player." Sapporo lacks competitive advantage while Suntory's beer business profitability is in question (The Japanese Beer Industry 2003). Problems Encountered Victoria Bitter's move of market diversification targeting Japan will surely be met by certain problems and difficulties. Some of the probable problems are cultural, while others are more business in nature. Japanese are known to be very loyal to their culture which keeps them from adopting Western ways. Instead, they maintain their own way of doing business

Democratic Capitalism and Individual Liberty 201 Essay

Democratic Capitalism and Individual Liberty 201 - Essay Example Thomas Paine in Common Sense argued North America was a â€Å"natural manufactory† where laying out money to build a navy was paramount because it would protect commerce (Paine 36). Thus, free trade and individualism go hand in hand with each other but when businesses are not allowed to fail, the result is socialism. When Alexis de Tocqueville toured the U. S. in the 1830s he was impressed with Americans’ industriousness. However, de Tocqueville also saw problems of having slaves as part of a southern workforce. The white Ohioan, as de Tocqueville put it, â€Å"is obliged to exist by his own exertions† while the â€Å"Kentuckian scorns . . . labour [and] lives in an idle independence† (Casper & Davies 117). As the nation grew, laws, such as the abolition of slavery in 1865 and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in 1892, promoted individualism and fair play in business. The recent government bailout did not promote individualism and goes directly against Smith’s idea that when regulations are â€Å"completely taken away, the obvious and simple system of natural liberty establishes itself of its own accord† (Burton & Dworkin 145). Allowing business to fail is the natural order of supply and demand. When businesses are not allowed to fail, but propped up with a supply of government money, the system is no longer individualistic but

Moral Effects of Advertising Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Moral Effects of Advertising - Assignment Example Creativity is highly cultivated in the advertising department and organizations spend billions of money in creating them. The media, newspapers, radio, internet, and television have been commercialized and host the biggest percentage of advertisements. The media has become a platform for sales, and most of its revenue come is from advertising. Most of them have adverse effects on individuals, society, and environment. People have increased their consumption and resources have are strained due to increased demand. Advertisements falsify products through their language and create products that do not exist. Advertising exaggerates product qualities and adds non existing features, which create a hunger feeling for style in the minds of recipients. This has eroded morality of advertisers, and they use all kinds of slogans to sell their products. According to Mukesh & Ranju (2010), advertisers use terms such as government approved even on counterfeit products. These slogans are misleading and deceptive and encourage unfair trade practices. They create differences in products, which do not exist, and en up confusing consumers. Insurance advertisements are used to instill fear on people. They create insecurity in the minds of people without insurance covers due to uncertainty of the future. They are very persuasive and create a mind position of the viewers that only an insurance cover can satisfy their needs. Such advertisements force people to buy or acquire substandard products or those they do not need. According to Allan & Paul (1997), the general public beliefs’ advertising hazardous products such as cigarettes and alcohol is immoral and dangerous. The congress may have passed laws to ban such advertisements on radio and television, but these companies sponsor sports events and celebrity endorsement. Health officials urge advertising agencies such as the media to avoid such advertisements, but these agencies are beneficiaries. Cigarette advertising is misl eading and encourages children, adolescents and other individuals to smart smoking. These advertisements use attractive adventures and several youths are lured to smoking and alcohol drinking. Some of these advertisements are associated with vigorous athletics. They appear on race cars and sponsorship banners and are accompanied by slogans aimed at attracting people. Smoking has dangerous effects on health and is a leading legal killer substance in the world. Women magazines collect a lot of revenue from tobacco adverts. The use of â€Å"slim† and â€Å"thin† in these adverts illustrate weight loss in women, which attracts several women into smoking. Berger (2011) argues that advertising has affected socialization skills of people. Socialization is the process by which the society teaches individuals how to behave: rules to obey, roles to perform, and values to hold. Traditionally, this was done by parents, educators, religious leaders, and peers. Advertisements throug h the mass media have taken up this role with consequences that are mostly negative. Billboards and screens are splashed with adverts containing celebrities and role models to several people. The recipients are forced to copy the lifestyles of these people, which include using products they were advertising. Models appear in condom advertisements, and this attracts several teens to sexual activities. An advantage of such an advertisement is that, they use protection and avoid STDs and

Pandora Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pandora - Essay Example Specifically, the company achieves this through the provision of up-to-date music, drama, and related discussion such as a live performance on the company blog. The blog and the ‘Submit your Request’ platforms within the website allow users to create free online profiles to participate in discussions. The personalized station established the Music Genome Project allows the users to edit or refine the content to fit the personal change in music taste and preferences.The interactive feature on the Pandora.com website characterizes it as a social media platform. The social media is an online phenomenon that supports connectivity and interaction, as well as encouraging contributions and feedbacks on online topics from the members and users of the virtual community. The essential features of the social media include connectedness, participation, openness, and conversation. The Pandora.com supports these characteristics through the blog where users post and contribute to the a rticles on various topics.Another unique and primary feature of the social media is the user-created and maintained an online profile that facilitate digital dialog. Although Pandora.com does not have an intensive and user-enabled profile like Facebook, it has a platform that supports online contribution and commenting on the available topics. The Pandora.com internet community has a common interest in music and comedy categorizing the website as a specified social media that confines its engagement within the entertainment industry

Long Term Effects of Social Media And Its Impact On Children's Research Paper

Long Term Effects of Social Media And Its Impact On Children's Behavioral And Mental Health - Research Paper Example It has been suggested that on average children use almost 11 hours a day using the entertainment media and as such while using other forms of entertainment i.e. TV, children also engage into activities like texting while watching TV. This however, result into division of attention and may have an impact on the learning and cognitive abilities of the children. A study on the cognitive abilities of the person suggested that those participants who were good at multi-tasking while using media performed badly as compared to the persons who could not perform better at doing multi-tasking while using the media. The study concluded that those who are quick at media multitasking can actually get distracted very easily. (Kirkorian, Wartella and Anderson) Some studies suggest that too much of the hypertexting through social media websites and use of multimedia contents can actually result into a fundamental change in the way our brains work. The hyper texting as well as the use of multimedia re sults into limited attention span in children besides child also experience poor focus, low level of comprehension as well as depression and long term memory damage. (Conley) The above study clearly identifies that a sustained use of social media and even other entertainment tools can actually damage the cognitive and behavioral abilities of the children. It is also because of this reason that new guidelines are emerging which focus on restricting the use of electronics within the rooms of the children. It is now suggested that laptops as well as smartphones shall be removed from the rooms of children especially during night time. By restricting the access of children to electronics in general actually can help reduce the number of hours children actually... This paper approves that it is also important to note that some studies have also suggested that the use of Facebook improves the verbal ability of the children. Checking the status of friends on Facebook and other activities actually result into better spelling, working memory as well as an improved verbal ability. This study however, suggested that students using Facebook only shows such improved ability as compared to the use of YouTube. This suggests that the extensive use of multi-media contents specially may further damage the verbal as well as other capabilities of the children whereas checking messages and statuses on Facebook may improve the verbal ability of children. This study however, is relatively different in nature and suggests that children using Facebook for more than one year actually show an improved performance on some of the tests however, exposure to multimedia contents may have a negative impact. This report makes a conclusion that long term use of social media may have negative as well as positive impacts on the psychological as well as mental abilities of the children. A sustained long term use of social media may result into more aggressive behavior in children including anti-social behaviors, mania as well as memory loss. Studies however, also suggest that use of Facebook may also result into improved verbal abilities. However, this advantage may not be available if children are using websites like YouTube suggesting that exposure to the multimedia contents can have further damaging effect on the children and their mental abilities.

Feminist analysis of the film pretty woman Research Paper

Feminist analysis of the film pretty woman - Research Paper Example The first wave is mainly referred to women’s suffrage, the second wave is associated with the liberation movement of women and the third one is related and can be felt through the continuation of the movement through the reaction evolved in the field of art and literature and perceived as the failure of the second-wave of feminism which began in the 1990s. The first wave of feminism is related with suffrage movements of the nineteenth and first-half of the twentieth century. This particular wave in the feminist movement was concerned with the women’s right to vote. The second wave of feminism began in 1960s and was related with the major focus on women liberation which campaigned for the equality of women in legal and social front. In cultural context, feminist film, art or literature evolves out of the movement and forms its four distinct principles pertaining to four schools of thoughts. Also sometimes pieces of art, literature or aesthetics are judged and viewed from the feminist perspective. The same perspective can be judged after giving a close introspection to the film â€Å"Pretty Woman† which appeared on the silver screen in the year 1990 as a romantic comedy written by J. F. Lawton and directed by Garry Marshall. The film stars casted Richard Gere and Julia Roberts in the leading roles along with Hector Elizondo and many others. The plot of the movie centres round the down-on-her-luck prostitute from Hollywood, Vivian Ward who acts as an escort to the rich businessman Edward Lewis for a week in his business trip. The story is all about their brief period of staying together and their growing relationships. This film can be viewed from a strong feminist bent and all the four critical theories and principles of feminism somewhere peep through the lighter plot of the film. Thesis Statement This essay tends to analyse myriad subtle and intricate feminist perspectives and interpretations entwined within the plot of the film. The essay also intends to discuss the critical role of the four principles of feminism operating throughout the film. Pretty Woman: A Feminist Discourse The plot of the film centres round seduction; love and its development of a Hollywood prostitute Vivian with a robot like multi-millionaire, Edward Lewis. At the outset of the movie we are introduced to a woman who is not doing well with her business of prostitution. The body of Vivian (played by Julia Roberts) is subjected or rather exposed for material pleasure and as a prostitute, Vivian sells her body and her body is likely to be viewed as a mere commodity. The critical theory of liberal feminism plays well here. According to the theory or principle, the parameter of gender prejudice is based on the individual ignorance. And education is seen as the key tool against the battle for gender discrimination (Sociology, â€Å"Feminism: Basic Principles†). In the film, the prostitute Vivian is not educated and so she is compelled to choos e a profession where no much brain work is needed. But during her stay with Edward Lewis we can hear few real wise statements from her which proves her intelligence. Also Vivian at the first acquaintance with any person irrespective of men or women gives the option that she is ready to be called by the name that the other person pleases. This kind of an instruction clearly indicates a threat to the existence of Vivian as an entity and creates an existential crisis for her. With Vivian,

Children The Silent Majority Social Work Essay

Children The Silent Majority Social Work Essay The purpose of this assignment is to highlight the position of children involved in parental separation disputes. Within this essay, I will include the rationale for this project, with a background of my experience gained as a Court Childrens Officer. I will also identify aims which will seek to critically analyse the role of the child during parental separation, and compare and contrast their role in both public and private legal proceedings. I will attempt to provide an analytical literature review of Northern Ireland, UK and International literature, which will demonstrate historical, psychological, sociological, legislative and policy perspectives of including or excluding the child during parental separation. I will then proceed to provide service user and service provider perspectives, with a critical basis for recommendations for future practice. Throughout my assignment I will endeavour to incorporate my learning to demonstrate anti-discriminative and anti-oppressive practice , and how these can be challenged to enhance the service further. Introduction: Evidence based practice (EBP) refers to using evidence from research to indicate the effectiveness of an outcome (Davies, 2008). It is a controversial topic which notes that professionals should only intervene in peoples lives when they can bring about change, without causing adverse consequences. EBP indicates an approach to decision-making which is accountable and based on best evidence (Davies, 2008). Within my own experience, EBP was important for refining my knowledge and practice so that the service user was provided with appropriate support for their individual needs. I used EBP to carry out research to determine what evidence supported or rejected the inclusion of children during family break down. My experience for this Evidenced Based Project was gained as a Court Childrens Officer (CCO), based at the Belfast Family Proceedings Court. This is a relatively new service provided by the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust to help courts resolve family issues, such as residence and contact for the child. There are currently seven small Court Childrens Teams working throughout Northern Ireland. As a CCO, my role was to deal with cases where assistance was needed to help parties agree on the needs of their children, as opposed to continuing the incriminations as to who was responsible for the breakdown of their relationship, through private law proceedings. I was only permitted to be involved with a case, and ascertain the wishes and feelings of the child, if a court direction was issued. Background and Rationale: It is estimated that over one half (53%) of children in the UK will experience parental divorce before they are aged 16, with two thirds of them under age 11 (Office of National Statistics, 2007). In 2005, Northern Irelands rate of divorce was 2,363 (Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency, 2006). Of these 2005 divorce statistics, there were 2,052 children involved, under the age of 16. However, these statistics mask many more children who go through parental separation each year, and these are not formally recorded (www.rcpsych.ac.uk). It is well documented, within research, that some children can experience a range of complex problems socially, emotionally and economically before, during and after the breakdown of their parents relationship (Timms, 2003), and it is important to note that divorce and separation of parents can be a confusing and stressful time for children making them more vulnerable to psychological, emotional or financial short or long term difficulties (Ti mms, 2003). Numerous studies have reported on the consequences for children going through parental divorce or separation, yet the voice of the child has remained predominantly silent (Butler et al. 2003). The Children (NI) Order 1995 brought together both public and private law proceedings relating to children in Northern Ireland, into an amalgamated order, but the processes for hearing the voice of the child still remain entirely contradictory. Article 3 (3) suggests that â€Å"the wishes and feelings of the child should be taken into account, with consideration of age and level of understanding†. To address this requirement children in public proceedings have separate legal representation, in the form of a solicitor, and guardian to ascertain their wishes and feelings, and present them in court. However, children involved in private law proceedings regarding residence and contact are not included in the proceedings. In private cases the emphasis of the court is to help the parties reach agreement; therefore, the child is reliant on the parents considering and protecting their interests. This is a debatable process which will be discussed below. It is the childs lack of ‘voice throughout parental separation and private law proceedings that has provided the rationale for this project. Aims: This project will seek to examine a childs needs through family breakdown. It will seek to critically examine the childsright to participate in private law proceedings, and compare these with concerns. I will aim to address the debate of including or excluding children during private law proceedings. It will also seek to examine current gaps in support provision for children and young people involved in parental separation, and make recommendations to how these can be addressed. The project will consider the literature, which includes policy and legislation from Northern Ireland, the United Kingdom and Internationally. The literature review below will aim to critically evaluate the perspectives of including or excluding the child in the processes of parental separation. I will use historical, psychological, sociological, legislative and policy perspectives to evaluate the need to include or exclude children. I will compare and contrast the pros and cons, including an analysis of the methods of child participation, with a summary of the findings. Literature Review: With the continuing rise of children experiencing parental separation in Northern Ireland, The United Kingdom and Internationally, it has facilitated the awareness of the childs right to be heard and for their wishes and feelings to be considered. Promoting the childs participation in decision-making during parental separation is a relatively recent event. Historically, children were viewed as needing protection from parental conflict, and lacked the capability to actively participate in family matters (Graham and Fitzgerald, 2005, cited in Birnbaum, 2009). It was assumed that, if children were not informed, they would be sheltered from the major emotional impact separation brought (Smart, 2002). I was also assumed that parents knew what was in their childs best interests (Timms, 2003), and, therefore childrens views were represented by their parents. Through child psychology and social science research, the importance of the childs right to have their wishes and feelings considered has gained a greater significance (Lansdown, 2005), and more importantly, perspectives on the inclusion of children in parental separation disputes have been changing (Williams, 2006). Children are now being seen as having their own rights, rather than parental property (Lansdown, 2005). Psychological research has also increasingly indicated that not listening to children may be more detrimental to their well-being (Kelly, 2002), and that the meaningful participation of children in contact and residence disputes can actually shelter them from emotional hurt during a time when they are most vulnerable (Butler et al., 2003). Social science research also validates that the childs participation in the processes of family breakdown can draw a parallel with their ability to adapt to a new family structure in the future (Butler et al., 2003), as well as gain power and control in a confusing and stressful time (Butler et al., 2003). Research also indicates that young people themselves want to be heard through the legal process, as the outcome has a major effect on their lives (Cashmore and Parkinson, 2008). Adolescents, in particular, have expressed that they want to be involved in major decisions, and be able to make choices (Neale, 2002). A childs participation in the decision-making processes of parental divorce and separation can be largely diverse; direct or indirect. Children can voice their opinion and be involved in contact or residence arrangements that affect them, they can provide input into the development of services, or participate in the development of broader policy issues (Birnbaum, 2009). Legislative and Policy Perspective: It is evident in legislation within Northern Ireland, the UK and Internationally that children have theright to be heard. Article 12 of The United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child (1989) stipulates â€Å"children have the right to express their opinions and have their opinions considered†. The Convention encourages adults to listen to the voice of children and involve them in decision-making. The Children (NI) Order 1995 (Article 3: 3), and The Children Act 2004 (Article 54) both stipulate the need for the â€Å"childs wishes and feelings to be ascertained, and taken account of according to the childs age and understanding† (http://www.opsi.gov.uk). Yet, despite legislation, research and social trends in Northern Ireland specifically, no single government policy or strategy has been developed to indicate how best to support the needs of children experiencing parental separation (Weatherall and Duffy, 2008). Certain apprehension, within legislation and polic y, remains in respect of allowing children to participate in the decision-making process of parental separation. This apprehension is created by â€Å"attempts to balance the vulnerability of children, given their age and development, with their rights as individuals† (Smart, Wade and Neale, 1999: 152). There is also much debate about how children should be included in which circumstances and in what way. Argumentsfor the inclusion of children during parental separation: Those who are in support of including children during times of parental separation claim a number of rights-based reasons. The most significant being that the child has a right to be included, according to theConvention on the Rights of the Child (1989), and a right to have their wishes and feelings ascertained (Children (NI) Order 1995). In addition to this, theory suggests that children should be seen as active participants in decision making and not as parental property to be controlled (Atwood, 2003). The United Nations Convention also suggests that children have the right to be respected and heard, and also indicates that they have a right to full access of social, economic, and civil rights that are given to everyone else (Birnbaum, 2009). Secondly, and perhaps most significantly, those in support of including children explain that children want to be involved in decision-making during parental separation, as it affects their lives (Cashmore and Parkinson, 2008). Children understand the difference of providing input and reaching the final decision (Kelly, 2002). Smith (2007) states that by being open and honest with children, and allowing them to participate in separation processes translates into better communication and respectful listening. Research also suggests that children themselves rate their participation as important when it comes to family issues (Taylor, Smith and Nairn, 2001). Thirdly, from a policy perspective, childrens participation is linked with a wider form of social inclusion. Namely, policies, services and programs are more effective if children are included in their design, planning, delivery and implementation (Lansdown, 2005). Smart, Neale and Wade (2001: 269) suggest that â€Å"family policy issues must include childrens viewpoints if children are to be treated ethically† and respectfully. Jameson and Gilbert (2000) claim that childrens views should be incorporated into policy development, as it impacts directly on them. Without doing this decision-makers cannot benefit from childrens perspectives or suggestions about how to resolve the problem. The same argument can be made about the inclusion or exclusion of the child during parental separation. Through a legal and legislative point of view, some have argued that the inclusion of children during private law proceedings can help parents to focus on their children, as opposed to the adversarial ‘blame role. â€Å"Focusing on the needs of children early in the process of parental law proceedings can reduce both the intensity and duration of conflict† (McIntosh, 2003: 232). Goldson (2006) also suggests that focusing on the needs of the children may enhance communication between parents, as it helps them identify common ground. Gray (2002) has also indicated that the childs participation in private law proceedings can facilitate understanding their own wants and needs, and can help develop advocacy skills regarding communication and negotiation within the family. Williams (2006: 158) also suggests that â€Å"by including the child in decisions about parental separation can enhance their sense of self-esteem and control, thereby enhancing their resiliency†. Argumentsagainst the inclusion of children during parental separation: As mentioned above, there are firmly held viewpoints about children being involved in the decision-making process of their parents separation, however, there are a similar number of arguments against the inclusion of children. Firstly, from a rights-based understanding, researchers mention some concerns when adhering to childrens rights. Atwood (2003) argues that a balance needs to be found between protecting children from emotional harm and protecting their rights and Guggenheim (2003) expresses that there is a certain price associated with providing children with rights; he indicates that rights are relational. He claims that â€Å"if children have a right then someone else has a duty and childrens legal rights are always in the hands of adults† (Birnbaum, 2009). Secondly, concerns have been expressed by those who ascertain the wishes and feelings of children. Mediators suggest that children can often be manipulated by a parent, and can take sides accordingly during contact and residence disputes, creating stress and worry for children (Saposnek, 2004). Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) is becoming increasingly significant also this is described as the child expressing unjustified hatred for one parent due to the influence (direct or indirect) of the other parent, which does not benefit the child. Garrity and Baris (1994) argue that involving children in parental disputes can also lead the child to tell each parent what they want to hear, which has no benefit to the child. The child is then seen as wanting to please both parties, rather that choose between them, which again has no benefit. Another concern in the debate of including children in disputes is that the child may not want to become involved for fear of feeling responsible for the outcome, and causing hurt to their parent. Furthermore, some children withhold theirtrue feelings as they fear their parents may get upset with what they say, and therefore should not be placed in such a position (Brown, 1996),. Thirdly, research conducted by Kelly (2003) and Saposnek (2004) indicates that not all children essentially want or need their voice to be heard. They point out that unless a child specifically makes a request to voice their opinion, there is no reason to do so. Research reported from McIntosh (2007) also claims that children would not benefit from being included in the separation process in certain circumstances where there is high conflict between the parents, including previous allegations of domestic violence, or mental health issues. This is due to the power and control issues one parent may have over the other, or the child. Involving the child; Mediation: Mediation has been used for decades as an alternative to court processes, in separation and divorce proceedings (Folberg, Milne and Salem, 2004). Mediation provides parties with an alternative to the traditional adversarial approach, by introducing a neutral third-party to assist in reaching agreement about the child(ren) (Birnbaum, 2009). Children are therefore more likely to benefit emotionally and socially from parental cooperation. However, childrens involvement in the mediation process is relatively new (Austin, Jaffe, and Hurley, 1991). A childs participation in mediation varies from country to country. Saposnek (2004) indicates that childrens direct participation in mediation only occurred in 4%-47% of cases across public and private sectors, in the United Kingdom, the US and Australia. This illustrates that despite adults finding an advantage to mediation, children continue to remain the silent majority, with their parents making decisions. It can therefore be understood that this may leave the child feeling powerless, and disempowered by the process (Birnbaum, 2009). The differing attitudes over whether to incorporate children in mediation are similar to those who debate on the overall process of including children in divorce and separation decisions the child rights versus shielding them from emotional harm (Elrod, 2007). The Child and Legal Proceedings: As mentioned above, within Northern Ireland there are contradictory principles on the inclusion of children in the public and private legal systems. Children within public law proceedings have a guardian and a separate legal representative to advocate on their behalf in court, but children within private law proceedings are not contributors to the process and have no direct involvement (Timms, 2003). â€Å"Northern Ireland stands apart from the United Kingdom for having no legislative provision for the separate representation of children in specific private law proceedings† (COAC, 2005b cited in Weatherall and Duffy, 2008: 279). According to Weatherall and Duffy (2008: 279) this is interesting considering there were â€Å"2,186 Children Order applications brought to Court between January and June 2007, of which 1,925 were private law cases and only 261 were public law cases† and public law children were represented separately. The concerns about children becoming involved in private law proceedings originate from the Human Rights Act 1998 (Article 8) which states that an adherence is needed in respect for private and family life, with minimal state intervention, unless deemednecessary for the protection of others. However, Timms (2003) argues that due to the number of children involved in private law proceedings, compared to public law proceedings, there needs to be a balance found between minimal state intervention and the protection of vulnerable children. Some researchers suggest that childrens voices are being silenced by traditional reluctance to interfere in private and family life, causing concern that some children are being forced to remain quiet in situations of violence, neglect or child abuse, due to a lack of appropriate representation (Radford et al, 1999 cited in Weatherall and Duffy, 2008). The differentiation between public and private law proceedings is not recognised in other countries, such as Scotland, Canada, and Australia with children being seen as having independent rights with an important emphasis placed on having their wishes and feelings ascertained, in legal separation disputes (Timms et al., 2007). This is worth considering in order to examine the effectiveness of our court processes compared to other systems. Child and Parental Perspective: As a Court Childrens Officer (social worker) based in Belfast Family Proceedings Court I had a range of experience working with parents and children during private law proceedings. My role was to adhere to the Children (NI) Order 1995 to provide Article 4 reports to the court, when directed to do so. This was to provide the court with any welfare concerns for the child and/or the childs wishes and feelings having contact or residing with a parent. To provide Article 4 reports the Court Childrens Team first had to receive a court direction to do so, and not all cases requested the CCO to ascertain the childs wishes and feelings separately from the parents. Other roles, through a court direction, included parental conciliation, mediation, and contact observation for the welfare of the child. In cases where there had been previous social services involvement, the article 4 request was transferred to the appropriate social work team in Belfast for further involvement. Through working with children and parents through the court process I was able to ascertain their perspectives on separation disputes and court processes. Child E (14), who had recently moved in with his father, following the separation of his parents, stipulated that he did not understand the court process and would like someone to explain how it would affect him. He continually requested that he wanted limited contact with his mother (maximum two days per week), due to frequent arguments, yet the court continually directed more contact with his mother, and he could not understand why. I feel through this case and others that children are not being listened to, despite their wishes and feelings being ascertained. Child G (12) expressed that he was told â€Å"not to interfere† by his parents, as they had already came to an agreement about contact arrangements. The child articulated that he was concerned about the arrangements, as he wanted to take part in other activities on the same days, with his friends. This is cause for concern as contact arrangements in this case suited the interests of the parents, as opposed to the child. This created anxiety for the child, and as a result the child refused to attend contact, so the case returned to court. The above cases represent just two of the children I had the privilege of working with during my practice placement, but both represent, the need for the child to be involved in court proceedings and listened to when they express their wishes. Parents, however, display relief and satisfaction with the court childrens team involvement in private law disputes. This is due to a neutral third party mediating between parties to discuss unresolved issues. Many parents have expressed thankfulness for the service, as it helped them to focus on their children, as opposed to â€Å"hear say† about one another, from other people. Thankfully, then, many parents do begin to work together to consider their childs needs, without the continual intervention of a CCO, or constant court proceedings. When asking parents how they would improve the service, most claimed they would like continuous mediation, and the opportunity to discuss issues of separation as an ongoing process, with a neutral third party. When gaining child feedback about speaking with me as a CCO, Child G expressed that it was nice to have someone to listen to whathe wanted. Service Provider Perspective: Through the help of my manager and research conducted for this project, I have identified criticisms and gaps in the court childrens service, and provided recommendations on how these can be addressed, to better facilitate service users; 1.Time restraints for involvement due to the court process In my experience, the CCO service had limited time to gather appropriate information about the families involved. Weatherall and Duffy (2008: 287) explain that â€Å"the danger for Article 4 work is that the meaningful engagement that promotes cooperation for full assessment and therapeutic potential is encroached by time pressures.† This then provides difficulties in building a relationship with a child and gaining their trust, to be able to express their wishes and feelings about contact or residence issues. Limited assessment of the child and family may also pose risks and potential significant oversights. However, due to the â€Å"no delay† principle applied to the courts through the Children (NI) Order 1995, it may not be feasible to carry out lengthy assessments that may delay proceedings. Recommendation 1: What is necessary is that decisions for children are reached through appropriate information gathering and careful consideration. A child should be assessed appropriately, but if support services are needed, CCOs should be permitted to make referrals to other organisations. 2.The majority of the court childrens officers time is spent with parents In my experience, the central role of the CCO was to mediate and conciliate between parties to help reach agreement about the child. It is assumed that by helping the parties agree, will therefore benefit the child as less conflict will occur, through better cooperation for contact arrangements. However, this leaves a critique to be made in respect of â€Å"acting in the childs best interests†, or on the agenda of the parents (Weatherall and Duffy, 2008). Child oppression can therefore be implied, if the childs feelings are assumed on the basis of their parents point of view. Recommendation 2: Children should be given the opportunity to take part in mediation. All children involved in private law proceedings should be given the opportunity to have a third party involved to represent their wishes and feelings. 3.The consideration of the welfare of all children involved in private legal proceedings Only a minority of children are involved with the court welfare service, as it is directed by the court. This indicates that the majority of children are not involved, and remain silent through their parents decisions. This poses two significant risks to these children; a) Social service safeguards are not implemented to assess child welfare i.e. to indicate previous instances of domestic violence, child abuse or neglect, in order to protect the child. â€Å"Domestic violence is present in 50% of cases whichrequire Article 4 reports† (Timms, 2003: 165) and safety needs to be addressed for children during contact. b) The child remains powerless and oppressed by not being involved in decisions made about them. Recommendation 3: Children through private legal proceedings should have the right to separate legal representation by a third party, to ensure their needs, wishes and feelings are being met, and welfare is protected. Recommendation 4: Social services should carry out checks to ensure no previous cases of child abuse or domestic violence have occurred, when the welfare of the child is questioned. 4.Lack of support services available to children following parental separation Through my own experience it is evident that any work completed with the child is for the production of an Article 4 report. This lack of time provision and nature of involvement does not supply the child with any level of intervention or understanding of parental separation. Weatherall and Duffy (2008: 288) express that â€Å"in light of research findings indicating the short-term and long-term effects of parental separation on children, it is concerning that the need for therapeutic services is seldom considered† in private law proceedings. Recommendation 5: Provide children and families with the opportunity to seek therapeutic support services, further mediation, and person centred work for parental separation. The Court Childrens Team could have the opportunity to provide these provisions with a further expansion of the service. 5.Public Law versus Private Law:As highlighted above, the Children (NI) Order 1995 amalgamated public and private legislation in relation to children, yet the processes for listening to the child still remain entirely contradictory. Children are separately represented in public law cases, despite fewer children being involved; therefore, children involved in private proceedings do not have the same rights as their counterparts, in terms of representation or service provision (Weatherall and Duffy, 2008). Recommendation 6: The conflicting rights of the child through public and private law should be addressed. Children should have equal rights to represent their views. In Northern Ireland specifically, I would recommend government policy development, and further social service provision to protect vulnerable children in private law proceedings. Recommendation 7: Involve children as participants in private law proceedings, as opposed to them remaining silent in the majority of cases. This would promote ethical practice, partnership and anti-oppressive procedures. Conclusion What I have tried to identify within this Evidence Based Project is to highlight that childrens voices are an important aspect in the separation process between parents. This is evidenced from practitioners and experts through legislation, policy, and research. Regardless ofhow childrens wishes and feelings are ascertained, what remains important is that childrenare acknowledged and listened to. This is not only good, ethical practice, but also helps to promote anti-oppressive practice and partnership with the child. The debate between researchers regarding childrens inclusion continues, but what should remain important is that parents are further encouraged to have better relationships, and helped to focus on what is important the needs of their children throughout the process of separation. The Children (NI) Order 1995 merged public and private law, but what seems to remain is its conflicting views of children. In Northern Ireland there are approximately two thousand children every year who are unrepresented through private law proceedings. To provide them with separate representation, from that of their parents, would offer an independent person to represent their feelings, not only acting in the childs best interests, but addressing some of theConventions rights of the child.The differentiation between public and private law only seems to be evident in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, so perhaps conducting research into international successes is what is needed to gain consistency locally. Throughout this project I have identified that not only does research, policy and legislation support the inclusion of children, children themselves express to be involved in the processes. In Northern Ireland there seems to be a lack of consistency in childrens law, and there is no current policy that seems to be addressing the needs of children suffering family breakdown. This needs to be tackled multi-disciplinarily if we are to protect and support children. The Court Childrens Service could address some of the childrens needs, if the service was expanded, and provided with new policy and legislation