Art History Slide Notes

Venus of Willendorf from Willendorf, Austria 28,000 25,000 BCE Lime orchestra pit Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna Paleolithic representation of a char female anatomy is exaggerated serves as a fertility im epoch no facial features, just hair/hat freestanding sculpture Statuettes of 2 worshipers from the Squ ar Temple at Eshnunna (Tell Asmar), Iraq 2700 BCE (early dynastic/Sumerian) Soft gypsum and inlaid with shell + black limestone Iraq Museum, Baghdad represent mortals praying tiny beakers were utilise in religious rites custody wear belts + fringed skirts + have beard + shoulder-length hair women wear long robes heads tilt upwards with large open eyes not proportionate, eyes= excessively big and hands=too small Bull-headed lyre from grave accent789 (Kings Grave), Royal Cemetery, Ur (Tell Muqayyar), Iraq 2600 BCE Bulls head = gold leaf everyplace a wooden affectionateness Hair, beard = lapis lazuli University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia sound panel depicts a hero grasping animals that look human, serving at a banquet + vie music Spotted horse+ negative handprint rom Pech Merle, France 22,000 BCE (Paleolithic) paries painting (cave) negative hand imprints horse in profile Hall of the Bulls from Lascaux, France 15,000 13,000 BCE (Paleolithic) coloured and non-coloured silhouettes Wall painting of horses, rhinos, aurochs from Chauvet Cave, Vallon-Pont-dArc, France 30,000 28,000 BCE oldest cave paintings advanced features (overlapping animal horns) Bird Headed Man with Bison from Lascaux, France 15,000 13,000 BCE Paleolithic depicts a possible hunting scene early example of a communicativeVictory Stele of Naram-Sin from Susa, Iran 2254 2218 BCE (Akkadian empire) Pink sandstone Louvre, Paris king defeats his enemies one has spear through throat, one begs for mercy, one thrown off cliff 3 stars=3 gods hierarchy of scale is used to emphasize kings absolute power and influence he is the foca l point b/c he wears horned crown (signifies divinity) + larger + leads army (who look at him for guidance) up the mountain + in profile diagonal tiers, relief sculpture narrative Stele of Hammurabi from Susa, Iran 1780 BCE (Babylonian) BasaltLouvre, Paris top = relief of Hammurabi with sun-god, Shamash Hammurabi salutes Shamash, hand up and is able to rule as he is given permission from Shamash one of the first examples employing foreshortening (representation at an angle) e. g. Shamashs beard = series of diagonal lines pallet of King Narmer (back) from Hierakonpolis, Egypt 3000 2920 BCE (Predynastic) Slate Egyptian Museum, Cairo relief carving utilitarian object carried eye authorship which was also used to protect eyes from sun circle stands for union of Upper + Lower EgyptKing of Narmer = detailed, largest, calve muscles, directional lines lead up to him, wears a crown, has a beard, has an aggressive pose, holds a baton, has a bulls tail, wears decorated kilt Horus K ings protector/falcon organized into registers very flat, linear Palette of King Narmer (front) 2 heads of a cow (top) with womans face = identified as goddess hieroglyphic represent Narmers name narrative stratagem King Narmer combined Upper + Lower Egypt Khafre enthroned (Statue of Khafre) from Gizeh, Egypt 520 2494 BCE (4th Dynasty) Old Kingdom Diorite hardest stone to sculpt Egyptian Museum, Cairo idealistic portrait carved for the pharaohs valley temple and for the king to reside in, in case the mummy disintegrates king sits firm/rigidly upright on throne (fused) bare-chested, detailed kilt, feet placed firmly on the ground, right hand fisted, mendacious beard attached, royal linen nemes headdress with the uraeus cobra of kingship on the front, looking strong and young (regardless of age), calm, head tilted just about upwards might have held omething heavy in his handa symbol that shows Khafre=king thrones legs show intertwined lotus and papyrus plants (which get hold to be symbolic of the united Egypt) falcon sits on the back of his head with its wings around for protection. falcon=Horus perfectly symmetrical, flawless, well-developed, muscular body to show that he was a divine ruler statues function was to make sure it lasted for eternity, so no breakable parts Menkaure and Khamerernebty from Gizeh, Egypt 2490 2472 BCE (4th Dynasty) Graywacke Museum of Fine Arts, Boston double-portrait, high-relief sculpture, contained sculpture she holds onto him, signifies that they are married carved for Menkaures valley temple Menkaure is rigidly frontal, his arms lie straight and close to his well-built body, has clenched fists, scour with left foot foregoing body stays rigid, physique is idealistic, short beard Khamerernebtys right arm encircles the kings waist, left hand rests on his left arm, garb is light to show female form both look out into space, not at each other function to show the timeless constitution of the stone statu e that was also designed to provide an eternal substitute homeNefertiti bust by Thutmose from Amarna, Egypt 1353 1335 BCE (18th Dynasty) bran-new Kingdom Painted limestone Agyptisches Museum, Berlin Nefertiti (Akhenatons wife) has expression of charm musing + sensitivity + delicacy work, unfinished b/c of missing left pupil long curved neck balance long crown, depressed right ear portrayed as elegant beauty, symmetrical strand in Thutmoses workshop purpose? Thutmoses model Akhenaton, Nefertiti, 3 daughters from Amarna, Egypt 1353 1335 BCE (18th Dynasty) red-hot Kingdom Limestone Agyptisches Museum, Berlin sunken relief intimate family portrait = new, never been done before undulating curves replace rigid lines figures possess prominent bellies (characteristic of Amarna period) family bask in life-giving rays of the Sun (Aton, the sun disk) mood = informal, anecdotal Akhenaton lifts 1 daughter to kiss, one sits one Nefertitis lap who gestures toward father, younge st one reaches to touch pendant on finds crown flowing scarves suggest wind Innermost coffin of Tutankhamen, from his tomb from Thebes, Egypt 1323 BCE (18th Dynasty) New Kingdom Gold with inlay of enamel + semiprecious stone Egyptian Museum, Cairo tomb contained sculpture, furniture, jewelry mummy within the innermost of 3 coffins dressed in official regalia, nemes headdress, fake beard effects of cloak and tomb treasures express power, pride, wealth innermost coffin gold, portrays pharaoh as Osiris (god of underworld/afterlife) Egyptians enjoyed life loved to eat + drink loved and embraced life believed afterlife = important evolved and made their gods (sun gods) left behind artworks to show that the kings were to exist eternally in the afterlife majority = farmers had intimate relationships with Gods preserved bodies made solid tombs that preserved materials wore jewelry to look good, loved precious stones would never have bothered to live in Egypt if it werent for the Nile believed that they would have a straight narrow path give care the Nile believed that people have spirit nerve kingdom disintegrated, Egyptians were invaded by the Hyksos (shepherd kings) with chariots + horses, but were later overthrown by Ahmose Ahmose = 1st king of the 18th Dynasty (first to call Pharaoh), ushered in the New Kingdom, in which borders were extended and new capital, Thebes (in Upper Egypt)became a luxurious metropolis with palaces, tombs, temples have ceremonial meal/feast/banquet at the deceased tomb 1/year purpose?Commune with deadFacts about Egypt houses = mud brick and were made to not last Nile river (longest river on Earth) floods 1 a year desert = sand, alter no rainfall for decades rich mud = good for growing plants ultimate god Re = is the Sun, creates dry land, creates life by ejaculating/spitting, creates gods of dryness/wetness only besotted people could afford mummification between the Old and Middle kingdom, Egypt was in a state of civil unrest rock-cut tombs were characteristic and became popular during the middle kingdom, even replaced the mastaba as standard Egyptian tomb temples were built to honour pharaohs, gods long narrow passageways = characteristic of Egyptian temples (eg, Hatshepsut + Amen-Re) successful hunting = metaphor for triumphing over death + disorder, which ensured a happy existence in the afterlife King Tut died at 18 NEW KINGDOM temple of Hatshepsut, Ramses, Amen-ReOld kingdom = pyramids Middle kingdom = rock-cut tombs New kingdom = temples Predynastic Period Early Dynastic Period Old Kingdom (3,4 dynasty) Middle Kingdom (11-14) New Kingdom (18,19)Old stone age (Paleolithic period) Sumerian (3500-2340 BCE) Akkadian (2340-2180 BCE) Babylonian (2125-1750 BCE) Mastaba an Egyptian tomb made of brick/stone that is rectangular in shape with sloping sides, featuring a chapel with a false door. Some included a serdab a small room that housed a statue of the deceased elong ing to take into next world portrait sculpture he who keeps resilient Slide exam Title, Artist, Date, Period, Medium. Be able to analyze style + significance, be able to compare MINOANS No big statues, no ideas that there were kings, built palaces on slopes, bull-leaping ceremonies, typical to have columns with cut stone bottoms, artists painted on wet plaster (fresco) which has the advantage of a picture staying on the wall, Minoans adored nature , 2 key elements Minoan art line and color.Unlike the Egyptians who painted in fresco secco (dry fresco), Minoans painted on a white lime plaster and used a true (wet) fresco. Volcanic eruption on Thera (Cyclades), 4. 12 big eyes, holds snake, skirt has folds, snakes didnt come from Crete, came from Asia Minor. Unlike Egypt, no temples/monumental statues of gods, kings, or monsters have been found in Minoan Crete, Minoan sculptures usually small in size, Proto geometric Geometric Oritentalizing Archaic Early classical High clausal new -fangled classical Hellenistic